Permaculture enhances carbon stocks, soil quality and biodiversity in Central Europe

This study examines the impact of permaculture on soil carbon stocks, soil quality, and biodiversity in Central Europe. Nine permaculture farms were compared to paired control fields using locally predominant agriculture. Permaculture sites exhibited significantly higher soil carbon stocks (27%), lower soil bulk density (20%), and greater earthworm abundance (201%). Concentrations of various soil macro- and micronutrients were also higher on permaculture sites. Species richness of vascular plants, earthworms, and birds was substantially greater on permaculture sites (457%, 77%, and 197%, respectively). These findings suggest permaculture as a viable tool for sustainable farming.

Julius Reiff, Hermann F. Jungkunst, Ken M. Mauser, Sophie Kampel, Sophie Regending, Verena Rösch, Johann G. Zaller, Martin H. Entling