This study investigates the use of p-Phenylenediaminium iodide (PDAI) for in-situ growth of a 2D perovskite layer in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Incorporating 5 mg mL⁻¹ PDAI enhances grain size, reduces trap density, improves charge extraction, and boosts stability. A PSC with 16.10% power conversion efficiency (PCE), 21.45 mA cm⁻² short-circuit current density (Jsc), 1.09 V open-circuit voltage (Voc), and 70.21% fill factor (FF) is achieved. The PDAI passivation layer exhibits self-healing properties, recovering rapidly after water vapor exposure. This approach offers a cheap, stable, and self-healing PSC, advancing commercialization prospects.

Parisa Zardari, Ali Rostami, Hemayat Shekaari