Adults with antisocial personality disorder with (ASPD + P) and without (ASPD – P) psychopathy commit the majority of violent crimes. Empathic processing abnormalities are particularly prominent in psychopathy, but effective pharmacological interventions have yet to be identified. Oxytocin modulates neural responses to fearful expressions in healthy populations. This study investigates its effects in violent antisocial men. In a placebo-controlled, randomized crossover design, 34 violent offenders (19 ASPD + P; 15 ASPD – P) and 24 healthy non-offenders received 40 IU intranasal oxytocin or placebo and then completed an fMRI morphed faces task examining the implicit processing of fearful facial expressions. Increasing intensity of fearful facial expressions failed to appropriately modulate activity in the bilateral mid-cingulate cortex in violent offenders with ASPD + P, compared with those with ASPD – P. Oxytocin abolished these group differences. This represents evidence of neurochemical modulation of the empathic processing of others’ distress in psychopathy.

John Tully, Arjun Sethi, Julia Griem, Yannis Paloyelis, Michael C. Craig, Steven C. R. Williams, Declan Murphy, Robert James Blair, Nigel Blackwood