Optimization of floodwater redistribution from Lake Nasser could recharge Egypt's aquifers and mitigate its excessive floods

Extreme precipitation periods, possibly related to climate change, over the Nile River source areas caused flooding in Sudan and excess runoff reaching Lake Nasser in Egypt in 1998–2002 and 2019–2022. Excess water from the 1st event (25.5 × 10⁹ m³) was channeled to depressions within the plateau west of the Nile Valley, forming the Tushka Lakes, where it was left to evaporate, a fate that awaits the 53.5 × 10⁹ m³ from the 2nd event while the underlying fossil Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System is being depleted (−0.98 × 10⁹ m³/yr). We simulated release scenarios of excess Lake Nasser waters (53.5 × 10⁹ m³) to proximal lowlands; preference was given to the scenario that recharged the aquifer through infiltration (74.3%) and minimized losses to evaporation (20.1%) and surface runoff (5.6%). Findings serve as an example of adaptations that replace catastrophic consequences of climate change with beneficial and sustainable development opportunities.

Hesham Elhaddad, Mohamed Sultan, Eugene Yan, Karem Abdelmohsen, Abdullah T. Mohammad, Ahmed Badawy, Hadi Karimi, Hassan Saleh, Mustafa Kemal Emil