mRNA vaccine in cancer therapy: Current advance and future outlook

Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines are a relatively new class of vaccines that have shown great promise in the immunotherapy of a wide variety of infectious diseases and cancer. In the past two years, SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have contributed tremendously against SARS-CoV-2, prompting a research boom, especially in cancer vaccines. Compared with conventional cancer vaccines, mRNA vaccines have significant advantages, including efficient production of protective immune responses, relatively low side effects, and lower cost. In this review, the authors elaborate on the development of cancer vaccines and mRNA cancer vaccines, the potential biological mechanisms of mRNA cancer vaccines, the latest progress in various tumor treatments, and discuss the challenges and future directions for the field.

Youhuai Li, Mina Wang, Xueqiang Peng, Yingying Yang, Qishuang Chen, Jiaxing Liu, Qing She, Jichao Tan, Chuyuan Lou, Zehuan Liao, Xuexin Li