The Living Planet Index (LPI), a widely used measure of vertebrate population size changes, suggests a nearly 70% decline over 50 years. This contrasts with other studies using the same data, which show a balance between increasing and decreasing populations. This paper investigates the LPI's methodology, identifying several mathematical biases that overestimate population declines. These include weighting procedures, short time series, the GAM smoothing method, and the handling of zero population values. Modifications to improve LPI reliability are proposed.
Publisher
Nature Communications
Published On
Jun 21, 2024
Authors
Anna Toszogyova, Jan Smyčka, David Storch
Tags
Living Planet Index
population decline
vertebrates
methodology
mathematical biases
ecology
population dynamics
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