Incorporating evolutionary and threat processes into crop wild relatives conservation

Crop wild relatives (CWR) intra- and interspecific diversity is essential for crop breeding and food security. However, intraspecific genetic diversity, which is central given the idiosyncratic threats to species in landscapes, is usually not considered in planning frameworks. Here, we introduce an approach to develop proxies of genetic differentiation to identify conservation areas, applying systematic conservation planning tools that produce hierarchical prioritizations of the landscape. It accounts for: (i) evolutionary processes, including historical and environmental drivers of genetic diversity, and (ii) threat processes, considering taxa-specific tolerance to human-modified habitats, and their extinction risk status. Our analyses can be used as inputs for developing national action plans for the conservation and use of CWR. Our results also inform public policy to mitigate threat processes to CWR (like crops living modified organisms or agriculture subsidies), and could advise future research (e.g. for potential germplasm collecting). Although we focus on Mesoamerican CWR within Mexico, our methodology offers opportunities to effectively guide conservation and monitoring strategies to safeguard the evolutionary resilience of any taxa, including in regions of complex evolutionary histories and mosaic landscapes.

Wolke Tobón-Niedfeldt, Alicia Mastretta-Yanes, Tania Urquiza-Haas, Bárbara Goettsch, Angela P. Cuervo-Robayo, Esmeralda Urquiza-Haas, M. Andrea Orjuela-R, Francisca Acevedo Gasman, Oswaldo Oliveros-Galindo, Caroline Burgeff, Diana M. Rivera-Rodríguez, José de Jesús Sánchez González, Jesús Alarcón-Guerrero, Araceli Aguilar-Meléndez, Flavio Aragón Cuevas, Valeria Alavez, Gabriel Alejandre-Iturbide, Carlos-H. Avendaño-Arrazate, César Azurdia Pérez, Alfonso Delgado-Salinas, Pablo Galán, Manuel González-Ledesma, Jesús Hernández-Ruíz, Francisco G. Lorea-Hernández, Rafael Lira Saade, Aarón Rodríguez, Dagoberto Rodríguez Delcid, José Ariel Ruiz-Corral, Juan José Santos Pérez, Ofelia Vargas-Ponce, Melania Vega, Ana Wegier, Martín Quintana-Camargo, José Sarukhán, Patricia Koleff