This paper presents an interleaved photoacoustic (PA)/fast ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) imaging technique that achieves super-resolution vascular and physiological imaging in less than 2 seconds per frame in vivo. Sparsity-constrained (SC) optimization accelerates ULM frame rate, enabling 3D dual imaging without complex motion correction. In vivo applications demonstrate visualization of a dye-labeled lymph node with its microvasculature and mouse kidney microangiography with tissue oxygenation, showcasing the technique's potential for mapping tissue physiology and tracking contrast agent biodistribution.

Shensheng Zhao, Jonathan Hartanto, Ritn Joseph, Cheng-Hsun Wu, Yang Zhao, Yun-Sheng Chen