Engineering and Technology

Future material demand for automotive lithium-based batteries

C. Xu, Q. Dai, et al.

This groundbreaking study by Chengjian Xu, Qiang Dai, Linda Gaines, Mingming Hu, Arnold Tukker, and Bernhard Steubing uncovers the skyrocketing demand for essential battery materials through 2050. It highlights the crucial role of battery recycling and the impact of alternative chemistries on cobalt and nickel needs, amidst uncertainties in electric vehicle fleets and capacities.

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Index

Abstract

This paper quantifies the future demand for key battery materials, considering potential electric vehicle fleet and battery chemistry developments, as well as second-use and recycling of electric vehicle batteries. The study finds that demand for key materials will drastically increase from 2020 to 2050, necessitating significant expansion of supply chains. However, large uncertainties exist, primarily influenced by EV fleet growth and battery capacity requirements. Alternative battery chemistries could significantly reduce demand for cobalt and nickel. Closed-loop recycling plays a growing role, but advancements are needed to economically recover battery-grade materials.

Publisher

Communications Materials

Published On

Dec 09, 2020

Authors

Chengjian Xu, Qiang Dai, Linda Gaines, Mingming Hu, Arnold Tukker, Bernhard Steubing

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