This study investigates the application of plasma treatment to enhance the biodegradation and modify the structural characteristics of fibrous composites. Plasma treatment significantly improved the mechanical strength of natural and reinforced fibers and cellulose composites. Electron microscopy revealed structural changes in plasma-treated fibers, accelerating biodegradation by 7 days. The study underscores the substantial impact of plasma treatment on the degradation kinetics and morphological features of cellulose-based composites, shifting towards enhanced biodegradability.