Space Sciences

Designing the bioproduction of Martian rocket propellant via a biotechnology-enabled in situ resource utilization strategy

N. S. Kruyer, M. J. Realff, et al.

This groundbreaking research conducted by Nicholas S. Kruyer, Matthew J. Realff, Wenting Sun, Caroline L. Genzale, and Pamela Peralta-Yahya proposes a revolutionary bio-ISRU strategy for Mars colonization. By utilizing cyanobacteria to transform Martian CO2 into rocket propellant and generating excess oxygen, this innovative approach addresses the challenges of returning humans to Earth.

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Index

Abstract

Mars colonization requires technological advancements for human return to Earth. Transporting propellant and oxygen for the return journey is infeasible. This paper proposes bioproduction of a Mars-specific rocket propellant, 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO), from CO2, sunlight, and water using a biotechnology-enabled in situ resource utilization (bio-ISRU) strategy. Photosynthetic cyanobacteria convert Martian CO2 into sugars, which are then converted into 2,3-BDO by engineered *Escherichia coli*. A state-of-the-art bio-ISRU for 2,3-BDO production is more efficient and generates excess oxygen compared to chemical ISRU strategies. Further optimizations reduce power usage and payload mass while still producing excess oxygen. Addressing remaining challenges will advance interplanetary travel.

Publisher

Nature Communications

Published On

Oct 25, 2021

Authors

Nicholas S. Kruyer, Matthew J. Realff, Wenting Sun, Caroline L. Genzale, Pamela Peralta-Yahya

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