Constructing soils for climate-smart mining

Surface mining is inherently linked to climate change, but more precise monitoring of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions is necessary. Here we combined the geolocation of mine sites and carbon stock datasets to show that if all legal active mining sites in Brazil are exploited over the next decades, 2.55 Gt of CO₂ equivalent (CO₂eq) will be emitted due to the loss of vegetation (0.87 Gt CO₂eq) and soil (1.68 Gt CO₂eq). To offset these emissions, we propose constructing soils (Technosols) from mine and other wastes for mine reclamation. We show that this strategy could potentially offset up to 60% (1.00 Gt CO₂eq) of soil-related CO₂ emissions. When constructed with suitable parent materials, Technosols can also restore important soil-related ecosystem services while improving waste management. The construction of healthy Technosols stands out as a promising nature-based solution towards carbon-neutral mining and should, therefore, be considered in future environmental policies of major mining countries.

Francisco Ruiz, José Lucas Safanelli, Fabio Perlatti, Maurício Roberto Cherubin, José A. M. Demattê, Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri, Xosé Luis Otero, Cornelia Rumpel, Tiago Osório Ferreira