This study investigated how different communication tools support integration in transdisciplinary research. Ten digital and analogue tools were tested in a 3.5-year project. Based on an operationalisation of integration's social-organisational, cognitive-epistemic, and communicative dimensions, the tools' support was compared as perceived by 80 practitioners, 6 scientists, and 3 integration experts. The project website was central; a large poster and sketchnotes aided communicative and social-organisational integration; videoconferences excelled in the cognitive-epistemic dimension; and emails, online voting, and minutes were less relevant. Integration experts' diverse skills supported tool choices, ensuring timely and transparent outcomes. Tools using visual and textual systems and fostering group identity proved most effective, suggesting a fourth, emotional dimension of integration should be considered in future research.
