Co-Designing, Developing, and Testing a Mental Health Platform for Young People Using a Participatory Design Methodology in Colombia: Mixed Methods Study

Background: Globally, mental health (MH) problems increasingly affect young people, contributing significantly to disability and disease. In low- and middle-income countries such as Colombia, barriers to accessing care exacerbate the treatment gap. In addition, the lack of widespread digital interventions further deepens the digital health divide between the Global North and Global South, limiting equitable access to innovative MH solutions. Objective: This study aims to co-design and develop an MH platform using participatory design methodologies and conduct a 15-month naturalistic observational trial to assess its feasibility among Colombian youth. Methods: This study used a mixed methods approach within a structured research and development cycle. To ensure a user-centered design, we began with a series of co-design workshops, where stakeholders collaboratively identified key user needs. Following this, usability testing was conducted in 2 stages, alpha and beta, using the System Usability Scale (SUS) to assess functionality and user experience. To capture real-world interactions, a naturalistic observational trial ran from July 2022 to October 2023, collecting data on user engagement and system performance. This study integrated quantitative and qualitative analyses. Results: A total of 146 individuals participated in the co-design process, with 110 (75.3%) contributing to the development of platform components and 36 (24.7%) participating in usability testing. The co-designed platform integrated several key features, including social media and advertising, an MH screening tool, registration, targeted psychoeducational resources, automated tailored recommendations, and a "track-as-you-go" feature for continuous MH monitoring. Additional elements included user-friendly follow-up graphs, telecounseling integration, customizable well-being nudges, an emergency button, and gamification components to enhance engagement. During usability testing, the beta prototype received a median SUS score of 85.0 (IQR 80-92.5), indicating high usability. In the subsequent observational trial, which ran from July 2022 to October 2023, a total of 435 users interacted with the platform—314 (72.2%) as registered users and 121 (27.8%) anonymously. Emotional distress was prevalent, with 63.7% (200/314) of the registered users and 61.2% (74/121) of the anonymous users reporting distress, as measured by the 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Despite 102 users requesting telecounseling, only 26.5% (27/102) completed a session. While usability scores remained high, engagement challenges emerged, with only 18.8% (59/314) of the users continuing platform use beyond the first day. Conclusions: This study explored the development and user experience of a youth MH platform in Colombia, demonstrating that a cocreation approach is both feasible and effective. By actively involving users throughout the design process, the platform achieved high usability and incorporated features that resonated with its target audience. However, sustaining long-term engagement remains a challenge, as does addressing privacy concerns, particularly for younger users. These findings highlight the importance of continuous user-centered refinement to enhance both accessibility and retention in digital MH interventions.

Laura Ospina-Pinillos, Débora L Shambo-Rodríguez, Mónica Natalí Sánchez-Nítola, Alexandra Morales, Laura C Gallego-Sanchez, María Isabel Riaño-Fonseca, Andrea Carolina Bello-Tocancipá, Alvaro Navarro-Mancilla, Jaime A Pavlich-Mariscal, Alexandra Pomares-Quimbaya, Carlos Gómez-Restrepo, Ian B Hickie, Jo-An Occhipinti