Ultra-conformal skin electrodes with synergistically enhanced conductivity for long-time and low-motion artifact epidermal electrophysiology

Accurate and imperceptible monitoring of electrophysiological signals is crucial for wearable healthcare. Current stiff and bulky pregelled electrodes cause discomfort and motion artifacts. This paper introduces a ~100 nm ultra-thin dry epidermal electrode that conforms to skin and accurately measures electrophysiological signals. Its low sheet resistance, high transparency, and mechano-electrical stability stem from the synergistic effect of graphene and PEDOT:PSS, enabling accurate monitoring of signals like facial skin and brain activity with low motion artifacts, suitable for human-machine interfacing and long-term health monitoring.

Yan Zhao, Song Zhang, Tianhao Yu, Yan Zhang, Guo Ye, Han Cui, Chengzhi He, Wenchao Jiang, Yu Zhai, Chunming Lu, Xiaodan Gu, Nan Liu