Teleportation with Embezzling Catalysts

Quantum teleportation transfers quantum information using classical communication and pre-shared entanglement. This work shows that allowing catalysts to undergo slight changes—embezzling catalysts—can enhance teleportation beyond what non-deactivating (exact) catalysts achieve. The authors design teleportation protocols with finite-dimensional embezzling catalysts that attain arbitrarily high fidelity while keeping catalyst variation arbitrarily small. They prove that certain embezzling catalysts are universal, improving teleportation fidelity regardless of the pre-shared entanglement. They also present strategies to reduce catalyst dimension without increasing consumption, and study fundamental trade-offs between catalyst dimension and consumption, thereby advancing the practicality and generality of quantum catalysis.