This paper proposes a resource-efficient one-way quantum repeater architecture that utilizes code concatenation to mitigate both loss and operational errors during long-distance quantum communication. The architecture combines a loss-tolerant tree-cluster code (inner code) with a 5-qubit code (outer code) for Pauli error correction. By employing flag-based stabilizer measurements and interspersing two types of repeater nodes (TYPE I for loss correction and TYPE II for both loss and operational error correction), the repeater achieves high communication rates over intercontinental distances (up to 10,000 km) with minimized resource overhead. The modular design, based on cavity-coupled quantum emitters and a small number of memory spins, makes it suitable for near-future implementations using existing quantum network hardware.

Kah Jen Wo, Guus Avis, Filip Rozpędek, Maria Flors Mor-Ruiz, Gregor Pieplow, Tim Schröder, Liang Jiang, Anders S. Sørensen, Johannes Borregaard