Research on the development of principles for designing elementary English speaking lessons using artificial intelligence chatbots

The present study was conducted with the aim of developing principles for designing elementary English speaking lessons using artificial intelligence chatbots. To achieve this, design and development research methods were applied, and initial design principles and detailed guidelines were developed through a review of relevant literature. Subsequently, the design principles were modified and refined through two rounds of expert validation and usability evaluation. The research results yielded a total of 10 principles for designing elementary English speaking lessons using artificial intelligence chatbots, including: 1) principle of media selection, 2) principle of creating a learning environment, 3) principle of content restructuring, 4) principle of stimulating and sustaining interest and motivation, 5) principle of providing guidance, 6) principle of scaffolded learning support, 7) principle of individualized feedback provision, 8) principle of fostering a learning environment that supports growth and development, 9) principle of communication and collaboration, and 10) principle of learning management. Additionally, a set of 24 detailed guidelines necessary for implementing each lesson design principle was developed. Based on the research findings, the principles for designing elementary English speaking lessons using artificial intelligence chatbots, as well as the theoretical and practical implications of the study, were discussed. Finally, the limitations of the research were identified, and suggestions for future research were proposed.