The human brain is highly specialized for face processing, yet we sometimes perceive illusory faces in inanimate objects (face pareidolia). This study investigated whether this phenomenon arises from rapid feature-based processing or slower cognitive reinterpretation. Using fMRI and MEG neuroimaging, along with model-based analysis, the researchers found that illusory face representation is confined to occipital-temporal face-selective visual cortex. Initially, illusory faces are represented similarly to real faces, but within ~250 ms, this representation shifts, becoming indistinguishable from ordinary objects. This suggests an initial recruitment of a broadly tuned face detection mechanism prioritizing sensitivity over selectivity.

Susan G. Wardle, Jessica Taubert, Lina Teichmann, Chris I. Baker