PSYCHOPATHY AND ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER: BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS (THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UPBRINGING, ENVIRONMENT, AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOPATHIC TRAITS)

Psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) are multifactorial phenomena formed at the intersection of genetic vulnerabilities, neurobiological organization, and the influence of the social environment. This paper critically analyzes current data regarding the roles of upbringing, family context, school environment, and broader socio-economic factors in the development of psychopathic traits. Special attention is given to mechanisms of gene-environment interaction (G×E), the impact of early trauma on the subsequent development of empathic deficits and antisocial behavior, and the classification of primary and secondary variants of psychopathic traits. Based on the synthesis of literature, an integrative risk model is proposed, key intervention points for prevention and early intervention are discussed, and priorities for future research are identified. The paper emphasizes that although biological factors determine vulnerability, upbringing and environment often determine whether this vulnerability develops into persistent deviant patterns [1-8].