This paper investigates consistent patterns of toxic content across various social media platforms over time. Analyzing conversations from eight platforms spanning 34 years, the researchers found persistent conversation patterns and user behavior regardless of platform, topic, or time. While longer conversations showed higher toxicity, toxicity didn't consistently discourage participation or escalate over time. The study suggests that contrasting sentiments among users significantly contribute to hostile discussions, highlighting the enduring role of human behavior in shaping online discourse.

Michele Avalle, Niccolò Di Marco, Gabriele Etta, Emanuele Sangiorgio, Shayan Alipour, Anita Bonetti, Lorenzo Alvisi, Antonio Scala, Andrea Baronchelli, Matteo Cinelli, Walter Quattrociocchi