This research presents a novel solar-powered graphene/alginate hydrogel (GAH) for clean water extraction. The GAH demonstrates high selectivity in water transport, rejecting over 99.5% of volatile organic compounds, over 99.3% of ions (Na+, Mg2+, K+, and Ca2+), and 100% of non-volatile organic compounds and bacteria. Its antifouling properties include an oil contact angle exceeding 140° underwater, nearly 100% bacteria deactivation, and salt crystallization prevention. This makes it highly suitable for converting contaminated surface water into safe drinking water.
