Mobility recorded by wearable devices and gold standards: the Mobilise-D procedure for data standardization

Wearable devices are increasingly used in movement analysis and physical activity research. However, heterogeneity in protocols, sensor characteristics, data formats, and gold standards hinders data sharing, reproducibility, and external validation. This study presents guidelines for organizing, integrating, and storing movement data from various wearable devices and gold standard technologies, leveraging experience from the Mobilise-D multi-centric study. These guidelines address encountered challenges and offer solutions to support standardization and data integration, facilitating comparison across studies. Standardized data samples are provided to enhance understanding and reproducibility.

Luca Palmerini, Luca Reggi, Tecla Bonci, Silvia Del Din, M. Encarna Micó-Amigo, Francesca Salis, Stefano Bertuletti, Marco Caruso, Andrea Cereatti, Eran Gazit, Anisoara Paraschiv-Ionescu, Abolfazl Soltani, Felix Kluge, Arne Küderle, Martin Ullrich, Cameron Kirk, Hugo Hiden, Ilaria D’Ascanio, Clint Hansen, Lynn Rochester, Claudia Mazzà, Lorenzo Chiari