This study investigates the mechanism influencing the green development behavior of construction enterprises using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Analyzing data from 306 Chinese construction enterprises, the study finds that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control significantly and positively affect green development intentions. Intention mediates the relationship between these factors and actual green development behavior. Regional green development level and enterprise size moderate these relationships. The study provides theoretical guidance for promoting green transformation in the construction industry.