This study investigates the association between gut microbiome genomic structural variations (SVs) and the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer treatment. Using data from 996 patients across seven clinical trials, the researchers identified microbial SVs using SGV-Finder and performed metagenome-wide association analyses. They found that SVs in multiple species, including *Akkermansia muciniphila*, *Roseburia formicigenerans*, and *Bacteroides caccae*, were associated with patient response, progression-free survival, overall survival, and immune-related adverse events. Genes encoding enzymes involved in glucose metabolism were enriched in the associated regions, suggesting a novel layer of gut microbiome heterogeneity influencing ICI treatment outcomes.

Liurongh, Zhangwei, Wang