Realizing the full potential of ultracold polar molecules requires cooling interacting molecular gases deeply into the quantum-degenerate regime. This paper demonstrates evaporative cooling of a three-dimensional gas of fermionic sodium-potassium molecules to well below the Fermi temperature using microwave shielding. The microwave dressing induces strong tunable dipolar interactions, leading to high elastic collision rates that exceed inelastic ones. This allows cooling to 21 nanokelvin (0.36 times the Fermi temperature), opening paths to exploring many-body phenomena with strong dipolar interactions.
Publisher
Nature
Published On
Jul 28, 2022
Authors
Andreas Schindewolf, Roman Bause, Xing-Yan Chen, Marcel Duda, Tijs Karman, Immanuel Bloch, Xin-Yu Luo
Tags
ultracold polar molecules
evaporative cooling
fermionic gases
dipolar interactions
quantum-degenerate regime
elastic collisions
microwave shielding
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