Evaluation and obstacle analysis of high-quality development in Yellow River Basin and Yangtze River Economic Belt, China

Based on China's new development philosophy, and following the idea of "assessing the overall levels firstly, then anchoring the subsystems contributions and finally identifying the obstacle factors", an evaluation system of high-quality development (HQD) levels is constructed from five subsystems of innovative development (ID), coordinated development (CD), green development (GD), open development (OD) and shared development (SD). In this paper, the entropy weight TOPSIS model is used to measure the HQD levels of 19 provincial units located in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) and the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) in 2010–2019, and with the assistance of the Obstacle Degree Model, the obstacle factors affecting the HQD of both are depicted. The results show that: (1) between 2010 and 2019, the HQD indices in YRB and YREB have been on an increasing trend, and the subsystems indices all show a trend of "GD > CD > SD > ID > OD", but the overall levels of HQD in both is not high, and there is still much room for improvement. (2) YREB has a significantly higher HQD level than YRB. From 2010 to 2019, the average values of the HQD indices in YRB and YREB were 0.2886 and 0.4073, respectively, but the index in YRB improves at a faster pace than YREB, and the gap of HQD levels between the two show a trend of continuous reduction towards regional balance and coordination. (3) The analysis of obstacle factors shows that while OD and ID are the main obstacles to HQD in both basins, the impact of both on the resistance to HQD in both basins is on a decreasing trend. GD is another bottleneck for the HQD of YRB, and the pressure on GD in the middle and upper reaches of the provincial units in the basin is increasing, and the obstacles are on a rising trend.