This study investigates the impact of swine farm environments on the gut microbiome and resistome of veterinary students with occupational exposure for 3 months. Using 16S rRNA and whole metagenome shotgun sequencing, the study shows that farm exposure alters students' gut microbiomes, enriching potentially pathogenic taxa and antimicrobial resistance genes. Extensive sharing of resistance genes and bacteria was observed between students, farm workers, and environmental samples. Dynamic Bayesian network modeling suggests a partial reversion of these changes over 4–6 months. The results indicate that acute environmental changes can persistently affect the human gut microbiota and resistome.

Jian Sun, Xiao-Ping Liao, Alaric W. D’Souza, Manish Boolchandani, Sheng-Hui Li, Ke Cheng, José Luis Martínez, Liang Li, You-Jun Feng, Liang-Xing Fang, Ting Huang, Jing Xia, Yang Yu, Yu-Feng Zhou, Yong-Xue Sun, Xian-Bo Deng, Zhen-Ling Zeng, Hong-Xia Jiang, Bing-Hu Fang, You-Zhi Tang, Xin-Lei Lian, Rong-Min Zhang, Zhi-Wei Fang, Qiu-Long Yan, Gautam Dantas, Ya-Hong Liu