Dermatologist-like explainable AI enhances trust and confidence in diagnosing melanoma

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems have been shown to help dermatologists diagnose melanoma more accurately, however they lack transparency, hindering user acceptance. Explainable AI (XAI) methods can help to increase transparency, yet often lack precise, domain-specific explanations. This study introduces an XAI system providing precise, domain-specific explanations alongside differential diagnoses. A three-phase study assessed its impact on dermatologists' diagnostic accuracy, confidence, and trust. Results show strong alignment between XAI and dermatologist explanations, increased diagnostic confidence and trust in the XAI-support compared to conventional AI. This highlights dermatologists' willingness to adopt such XAI systems for future clinical use.

Tirtha Chanda, Katja Hauser, Sarah Hobelsberger, Tabea-Clara Bucher, Carina Nogueira Garcia, Christoph Wies, Harald Kittler, Philipp Tschandl, Cristian Navarrete-Dechent, Sebastian Podlipnik, Emmanouil Chousakos, Iva Crnaric, Jovana Majstorovic, Linda Alhajwan, Tanya Foreman, Sandra Peternel, Sergei Sarap, İrem Özdemir, Raymond L. Barnhill, Mar Llamas-Velasco, Gabriela Poch, Sören Korsing, Wiebke Sondermann, Frank Friedrich Gellrich, Markus V. Heppt, Michael Erdmann, Sebastian Haferkamp, Konstantin Drexler, Matthias Goebeler, Bastian Schilling, Jochen S. Utikal, Kamran Ghoreschi, Stefan Fröhling, Eva Krieghoff-Henning, Titus J. Brinker