In August 2022, an unprecedented 24-day compound heatwave and drought event (CHDE) occurred in the Yangtze River valley (YRV), causing severe impacts. Analysis revealed this event as a 1-in-662-year event. Greenhouse gas forcing, but not aerosol forcing, was identified as the leading contributor, increasing the probability of such a CHDE by more than tenfold compared to a counterfactual climate. Projections indicate that CHDEs will become even more extreme in the YRV under future global warming.