Constructing molecular bridge for high-efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells based on P3HT

Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is one of the most attractive hole transport materials (HTMs) for the pursuit of stable, low-cost, and high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the poor contact and the severe recombination at P3HT/perovskite interface lead to a low power conversion efficiency (PCE). Thus, we construct a molecular bridge, 2-((7-(4-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)-10-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl)-10H-phenoxazin-3-yl)methylene)malononitrile (MDN), whose malononitrile group can anchor the perovskite surface while the triphenylamine group can form π-π stacking with P3HT, to form a charge transport channel. In addition, MDN is also found effectively passivate the defects and reduce the recombination to a large extent. Finally, a PCE of 22.87% has been achieved with MDN-doped P3HT (M-P3HT) as HTM, much higher than the efficiency of PSCs with pristine P3HT. Furthermore, MDN gives the un-encapsulated device enhanced long-term stability that 92% of its initial efficiency maintain even after two months of aging at 75% relative humidity (RH) follow by one month of aging at 85% RH in the atmosphere, and the PCE does not change after operating at the maximum power point (MPP) under 1 sun illumination (-45 °C in N₂) over 500 hours.