This study systematically reviews 234 quantitative mitigation case studies to evaluate the effectiveness of subnational climate change mitigation strategies. Meta-analysis reveals that land use and development, circular economy, and waste management strategies are the most effective and reliable for reducing emissions. However, a significant misalignment exists between the strategies prioritized by policymakers and researchers and those with the highest expected impacts. The findings inform climate action planning at the city and regional level and the evaluation of subnational climate targets.
