This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies among type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. 132 studies (52,501 participants) were included. The pooled prevalence of multiple micronutrient deficiency was 45.30% (95% CI 40.35% to 50.30%), higher in women (48.62%) than men. Vitamin D deficiency was most prevalent (60.45%), followed by magnesium (41.95%) and B12 (28.72%, higher in metformin users). Prevalence varied across WHO regions. The study highlights the significant burden of micronutrient deficiencies in T2D patients, particularly vitamin D deficiency, and the need for further research and improved clinical practice.
