This multicenter, open-label, randomized phase 2/3 study assessed the safety and immunogenicity of GEMCOVAC-OM, an Omicron-specific self-amplifying mRNA vaccine, as a booster in adults previously vaccinated with BBV152 or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. GEMCOVAC-OM was well-tolerated. Phase 2 compared GEMCOVAC-OM to GEMCOVAC-19 (D614G variant-specific), showing higher IgG titers and seroconversion with GEMCOVAC-OM. Phase 3 compared GEMCOVAC-OM to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, demonstrating GEMCOVAC-OM's superiority in neutralizing antibody titers and seroconversion rates. GEMCOVAC-OM proved safe and boosted immunity against the B.1.1.529 variant.